An American Writer's Thoughts on Japanese Animation

Ghost Stories Are What You Make Of Them – Dusk Maiden of Amnesia Spoiler Review

Dusk Maiden of Amnesia is a sweet, funny romance between Niiya Teiichi and Yuuko Kanoe, complicated by the fact that the latter just happens to be a ghost. Wait, that’s not it…

What I meant to say is that Dusk Maiden of Amnesia is a character-driven mystery, following the ghost girl Yuuko-san as she and the members of the Paranormal Investigation Club attempt to discover the truth behind her death. Hm, that’s not quite right either…

The truth is that Dusk Maiden of Amnesia is a dark and twisted, heavily psychological ghost story, exploring both the past and present of the haunting of a certain school, delving into sordid tales and dangerous manifestations of supernatural vengeance. Er, you know the drill by now…

Dusk Maiden of Amnesia is all those things, held together by some brilliant avant-garde cinematography, a beautiful palette of fall colors and deep shadows, and a wealth of engaging characters in what would normally be considered a very small cast.

And there’s already something very impressive about that. I kind of consider Dusk Maiden of Amnesia to be two shows in one; the romance material and the horror material are so far apart that there are scenes that look for all the world like they could have been parts of two different shows. The mystery aspects mostly serve to bridge the two. Many other shows have tried to have two ‘modes’ in the same way that Dusk Maiden of Amnesia does, and most of them fail bitterly, typically due to part of the show spoiling or being spoiled by the rest, and the bits not coming together in a cohesive whole. One show with that problem was Kaze no Stigma, which I reviewed last month, regarding its comedy episodes that just didn’t jive with the rest of the production. Dusk Maiden, though, manages having both some very comedic elements and some serious horror in the same production. They inhabit the same universe, and not just because the characters are shared; you really couldn’t have one part of Dusk Maiden without the other.

On the whole, the story does shift over its run; it starts out with more lighter material, and the dark stuff lays on heavier and heavier as the characters follow the mystery. But in a sense there was darkness there from the start, and the good times can carry through the darkest hours, so both begin intertwined and remain inexorably until the end.

And yet, the most praiseworthy element of the show remains its cinematography. Dusk Maiden of Amnesia took a big risk with its visual style and artistic techniques, using empty space, panels, and elements of movement, stasis, unity, or separation in its visuals in order to convey more of the meaning and emotion in many scenes – especially some of the more charged sequences, but not only. As with the dual tone that could have been schizophrenic if it wasn’t addressed with the right tact and integration, this could have been monstrously distracting, but its use is smooth enough that instead it’s incredibly effective. Taking a big risk ended up yielding a great reward.

I’ll try to give some examples of the stuff I’m talking about. In the first episode, Teiichi and Yuuko are together in a fairly cramped dumbwaiter, going down a couple floors. How do you shoot that kind of scene? Well, a basic idea might to be shoot it mostly normally. The characters would be in cramped poses, but you’d have an open view of the whole scene, as though you were viewing a cutaway. A slightly more immersive idea might be to shoot it all in extreme closeup. Treat the camera as a physical object, that therefore can’t capture the entire scene as there is no such vantage point within the walls of the elevator. Dusk Maiden of Amnesia does that, largely… and also places the close-up images in panels that scroll from the top to the bottom of the screen and off, imitating the downward movement of the elevator. As one image scrolls off the bottom, the next close up for the scene appears at the top, utilizing the black ‘edges’ of the viewer’s field of vision to create a new sensation in the scene.

I think that’s the only cramped elevator scene in the show, but the general idea of the technique is all over the place. For instance, while Teiichi can normally see Yuuko (and is one of the only people who reliably can) there comes a time where they can’t mutually see one another. During that stretch, scenes between the two of them feature two different shots of the same scene on screen at the same time, with a slight black space between them. One of those shots will have Yuuko, the other Teiichi. Even though the characters would be close enough to touch from the perspective of an omniscient audience, because they’re experiencing this metaphysical separation, and even though they have to share the screen, they aren’t allowed to exist within the same frame, the same world. Even if you don’t consciously realize it, this helps the show communicate the frustrating distance and the barrier between them. Because they can’t really be together at that time, the audience isn’t privileged to see them together either, so you understand on a much deeper level what they’re going through than you would if you could see the ‘whole picture’. In a sense, the audience is going through the experience of their separation as well.

The first episode does an excellent job of letting you know what you’re in for in this show, at least for the majority of its run. Oddly, it’s something of a moment out of the middle of the show, chronologically speaking, while Episode 2 shows us how the story really begins. We start following Momoe Okonogi as she enters the Paranormal Investigation Club room and begins to put together something like meeting minutes. The her pencil breaks and the tip hits a little keychain doll on the table that, as Momoe roots through her bag for another writing utensil, stands up to kick the shard away. As Momoe continues, more paranormal things start happening. Objects float around her and while it’s slightly humorous that she seems oblivious to things while they’re moving, the deep shadows when an object drops and the poltergeist activity enters her perspective give it more of a horror feel. Then, Teiichi appears. He seems to have a couple conversations at once, the one Momoe sees, and another going on with the paranormal. Things, overall, get a little sillier but then the Paranormal Investigation Club goes out to investigate something paranormal. Momoe tells a creepy story she heard about a dumbwaiter elevator, only for the device to come to life and, when it arrives, a mysterious force to launch Teiichi in. It’s played up as pretty sinister. Throughout the sequence there are hints, here and there, of a ghostly feminine figure, but nothing clear.

The show then plays those scenes over again, except this time we can see Yuuko-san. She fiddles with items in the clubroom out of boredom, teases and clings to Teiichi, and annoys the heck out of the club’s third living member, Kirie (who can clearly see her like Teiichi does). The sequence reaches the elevator, which Yuuko calls and kicks Teiichi into, climbing in with him for the scene I mentioned earlier. Compared to the first version of the story, which was somewhat funny but also a little creepy, this one feels like pure comedy, even including the ceremonious accidental boob grab in the elevator.

From the very start, this establishes the basic duality of the show, which is a very smart thing to do, in my opinion. Thinking about it, Dusk Maiden of Amnesia actually plays quite a lot in duality on a conceptual and structural level. The show is both a horror-genre ghost story and a school comedy without being a horror-comedy for the most part. The separation between the lead characters, as enforced by standing on opposite sides of the veil of life and death, is critical at several points. For Yuuko-san, death and being a ghost is not just a weird quirk. At times, like in the second run of the first episode, she may play it off as that, but the separation she experiences from the living world are fairly critical. Later on we’re even introduced to Shadow Yuuko, a somewhat separate entity that’s the dark side of Yuuko’s ghostly existence, and resolving their duality, whether that light and that darkness can or should exist in a single identity, is core to the show’s struggle in its latter half. Because the show trades in things that have a double nature, it makes sense for the show to have a double nature. Because it wants to delve into both sides of divided matters, it’s important for the show to itself have two sides to work with.

The second episode starts the story proper, with Teiichi’s first meeting with Yuuko-san, the founding of the Paranormal Investigation Club, and its first ‘job’ at the behest of Momoe as well as its ultimate goal of uncovering the truth behind Yuuko’s death, unlife, and lost memories. It also starts the establishment of Dusk Maiden’s rules for ghosts, which bring us to another critical topic that the show handles very well: The Rules.

When you write in a speculative fiction genre – Fantasy, Urban Fantasy, most Science Fiction, most ‘punk’ genres, supernatural Horror, or anything else that makes a deliberate break from the real world – you need to establish The Rules, and hold to how your speculative elements function within their universe. Poor indeed is the story that simply says “it’s magic” and leaves it at that. A better story has a vision for what magic can do and what magic can’t do, what fanciful ideas are real in this world and which ones are still fiction. Even better stories understand what The Rules imply for human experiences and interactions with the (to the reader) supernatural elements, and have characters address their abilities and limitations in a sensible matter.

To do this you need to set The Rules and be consistent in their application and intelligent about the consequences. There might be things that modify the rules, or bypass them, or maybe the characters don’t understand right at the start, and that’s okay. Especially when you have elements of mystery or discovery, things can change on the characters (and the viewer). But it needs to be explicit. You can disregard the rules of the universe we the audience are familiar with, because you’re making a new universe that the story takes place in. You can’t disregard The Rules that you set for that universe.

Dusk Maiden of Amnesia is really good about using The Rules. We learn a first set in Episode 2 (with some information on them in Episode 1), which are The Rules as understood by Yuuko-san. Yuuko can do basically anything a human in her position could do, and nothing more; she can’t pass through solid objects, fly, teleport, possess objects or people, or any of those other ghostly things. Most people can’t see or hear her most of the time which (as per the first episode) seems to extend to objects she is actively manipulating. It’s unclear at least at first why Teiichi might be an exception, but you could easily suspect it has something to do with their meeting and another fact: when placed in the right frame of mind, people see what they expect to see, rather than just nothing. Because of this, Momoe (who believes she is being stalked by a murderous ghost) can see a version of Yuuko when the time, place, and mood are right for a ghostly encounter, but what she sees is an absolutely terrifying apparition as opposed to what Teiichi sees (a fairly normal girl in a white robe – likely a ‘ghost’ costume from Kabuki theater) and stops seeing her when she believes the ghost has been exorcised.

Already, more creative intelligence has been shown with their setup (namely, the use of altered perception) than many shows use when addressing The Rules, especially when The Rules regard ghosts. As the story unfolds, Dusk Maiden of Amnesia continues to make use of the same overriding principles, and when something changes it’s because something has changed in-character. Changes in Yuuko’s behavior or relationship with her world are indicative of something important. This especially comes due in the second half of the show.

Kirie – actually Kirie Kanoe, a relative (grandniece?) of Yuuko – gets her own introduction in short order. Like Teiichi, she can see Yuuko in a fairly persistent manner, but she initially sees her as and later also sees a shadowy monster Yuuko, and there’s a serious question: which one of them is seeing the truth? This ultimately builds to the interactions with Yuuko’s other half – Shadow Yuuko.

Now, while Shadow Yuuko is teased earlier, she really comes into her own in the second half, which also has more ‘meat’ to its plot. Shadow Yuuko both is and isn’t the same entity as Yuuko-san. In short, Shadow Yuuko is everything Yuuko isn’t, or more precisely the parts of her that she’s lost and rejected – including most of her negative emotions and large chunks of her memory – and Shadow Yuuko is not happy with being the cast-off slag that must possess all the suffering and negativity that Yuuko threw away. It’s an interesting motif, and while this is hardly the only treatment of such a being (others that come to mind for me are The Transcendent One from the video game Planescape: Torment and Dark Alice from the stories behind the card game Force of Will), it is a version that gets a ton of time, effort, and respect.

Because the truth is that Yuuko-san didn’t rise from her grave as an ironically vivacious, fairly flirtatious, positive, and powerless amnesiac ghost. The truth – as we’re shown when Teiichi is forced to relive Yuuko’s last days of life and experience everything she experienced – is that Yuuko suffered deep betrayal leading to an unfathomably torturous death and returned as an Onryo.

An Onryo is a hard concept to translate – the localization just says “vengeful ghost” or “loathsome ghost” or the like, but if you’re listening it’s clearly a different word than “yurei”, which is otherwise used as “ghost”. The West has lots of words for different hauntings, some of which (like “poltergeist”) you’ll even hear as loan-words here in Dusk Maiden of Amnesia, but we don’t have a punchy equivalent to the Japanese concept of the Onryo. We are familiar with them – the films “The Ring” and “The Grudge” are both adaptations of Japanese horror films depicting Onryo. Of the two, “The Grudge” (at least in title) cuts closest to the core idea of the Onryo: a spirit powered by a spiteful grudge that will never die. Their hatred is potent, and the curse they bear spreads, almost like a plague. They aren’t satisfied and they don’t go away lightly, spreading a circle of misery and destruction that exceeds even the scope of their proper revenge, catching everything they reach up in the curse. Short version, they’ve got a bone to pick over their deaths and their indiscriminate wrath means they are bad news for everything, not just whatever or whoever or whatever is really the issue.

The same Yuuko that’s a sweet and funny love interest for most of the show is also an unnatural creature that can best be likened to a natural disaster. It’s food for thought. What changed between that and the Yuuko we know was that at the last moment, she tried to give up her revenge, rejecting the part of herself that hated and became her Onryo shadow, as Yuuko herself became the amnesiac ghost we know.

The divide between the two kind of expresses one of the other things the show does – in addition to the heavy-handed but beautiful cinematography, the show also spends a lot of time juggling its themes. You see, this is both a love story and a ghost story… and the show can switch tracks between the romantic comedy, the faux-creepy ghost stories, and the honestly creepy or deeply tragic ghost stories. Sometimes, it does so in an instant.

This treatment… probably isn’t for everyone. I like it well enough, but I can also understand how someone would find it jarring. There is reason, however, and not just gut instinct why I think it works here, rather than being distracting. The reason is twofold. First, the fact that the show trades a lot in duality, and the contrast between Yuuko and Shadow Yuuko, does a lot to excuse the tone having high contrast. And, I go back to the point about Dusk Maiden of Amnesia being, effectively, two shows in one: A horror show and a romantic comedy alongside each other, not really a blend of the two. If the show really blended, the result would be muddy and confused. As it is, it knows what it’s doing in each moment, and can bee intensely effective when it chooses to be.

To be sure, the show finishes strong. The last three episodes see Teiichi delving into Yuuko’s memories. He experiences a town sixty years in the past, going absolutely mad as an epidemic slaughters its citizens. There are a lot of charged and tense moments, but because it’s also people living their lives (and Teiichi seeing through his girlfriend’s eyes, everything that she had seen. Everything.) there are some points where the characters can laugh or smile, even if it’s mostly pretty grim. Yuuko’s death is an extremely painful moment, as it should be… and the next episode isn’t easy to watch either: Yuuko becomes unable to see Teiichi because he has her rejected memories inside him, a state that only truly ends when Yuuko and her shadow reconcile in an absolute powerhouse of a dramatic scene.

The final episode has just the right amount of everything. The mysteries are solved and loose ends tied off, and Yuuko wants to spend the day on a ‘date’ with Teiichi. We get a lot of her typical comic reactions, but there’s an undercurrent that’s just a little bittersweet at times (again, moments separate from the comedy) because we the audience see well before Teiichi does that Yuuko is fading away. After all, the Rules were set: ghosts are formed by powerful attachments and lingering emotions, and Yuuko’s sixty years of sealed away rage and pain have been accepted and healed. She can’t stay. The last two scenes as she and Teiichi face her end are painful in the right way. Yuuko vanishes slowly, and after she and Teiichi are both forced to accept what’s going to happen, they spend what are to be her last moments together. As her voice fails to reach the world of the living, they write messages, and finally share a kiss as she disappears entirely. Though it’s hard and painful, Teiichi tries to move on, slowly putting away his memories of Yuuko (with wording reminiscent of her own rejection of her dark memories) so he can continue his life. It’s a bitter but poignant ending fitting for the sorrowful ghost story that is Dusk Maiden of Amnesia….

… but the wacky romantic comedy gets its ending too. It turns out, you see, that love is an emotion that can linger as well as hate, and a kiss shared with one’s beloved is a hell of an attachment. In an instant, with the very first sound of Yuuko’s voice, the show takes one last hard swerve. The ending, like the show, is both – light and darkness side by side. I guess you could say that light ‘won’ in the end, since it got the very last ending, and I’d be lying if I said that the turnaround didn’t mess with me my first time through the show. But Dusk Maiden of Amnesia is a show that deserves not just to be watched but to be rewatched, and with it having settled first and then been revisited, I think the ending is just right as it is. The audience needs that final catharsis after the last three episodes have been primarily (not without exception, but primarily) tragic and to have both endings you can’t really do it the other way around. Plus, as I said, the show is amazingly good about its use of The Rules, and the bait-and-switch is ultimately consistent with everything that was established.

I enjoy this show a ton, it really is one of my favorites. It’s based on a manga, and I’m really curious as to whether the source material is even bet-…

… The manga does not have an English localization. What gives?!

This is a beautiful show. A+ from me, and that’s not a mark I would give often. It has ambition, it takes risks, and it has the intelligence to make them pay off. This is a show that can get me to legitimately laugh at a boob grab (not easy since it’s usually such a predictable joke) and in the same episode, not just the same show, actually bring on the waterworks.